Riverside Announces “Little Nebraska”

By Annika Cambigue, Union College

The city of Riverside announced last week that one block of downtown will be razed and converted into “Little Nebraska.” The city hopes the dramatic move will allow researchers to discover and synthesize the elusive concept of “Nebraska Nice.”

The city councilperson spearheading the project refused to share their identity, only communicating through a complex series of clues. However, they did share the catalyst behind the Little Nebraska project:

“Last winter, I attended my fourth cousin’s wedding in Lincoln, Nebraska, and was surprised by how friendly the locals were to me. They called the attitude “Nebraska nice.” I thought to myself, ‘I’ve got to bring this back to California. If I could get a team of R & D scientists working on this, we could completely revolutionize the industry!’”

The councilperson refused to name the industry to which they were referring. 

The Little Nebraska development will include replicas of Nebraska’s best-known features, including a scale model of the governor’s hog farm, a “corn labyrinth” and a big empty field. Little Nebraska will also include a Runza restaurant, although, in deference to local tastes, the traditional meat-filled runzas will be stuffed with plant alternatives. Consumers should note that while the calorie count will not change, the sodium content certainly will. 

Sources at City Hall state that a replica of the famous Nebraskan monument, Carhenge, is in the planning stages. However, it has been delayed by California’s strict emissions standards, which seem to apply even if the cars in question are to be gutted and stacked in sarsens and lintels. An alternative plan to use electric vehicles is in the works.

Not only will the “corn labyrinth” entrance and ensorcell Riverside locals, but it will also play a key role at the annual Little Nebraska Harvest Festival, where corn will be harvested and served. Attendees can expect to “experience corn like never before,” according to the anonymous councilperson. “We feel that the secret to ‘Nebraska nice’ might be in the corn. It definitely has to be hidden in something the Inland Empire doesn’t have a lot of.”

While Riverside residents are excited about Little Nebraska, Nebraskans are confused. A Scotts Bluff local said, “If they’re trying to do iconic Nebraskan stuff, why are they focusing so much on the corn? I mean, like half of the states export corn; it’s really not just a Nebraska thing. Where’s the Niobrara River, Chimney Rock, the sandhill cranes, or the hundreds of mammoth skeletons we’ve unearthed? I feel like nobody talks about our mammoths.” 

One Omaha resident was shocked that Californians were suddenly interested in their home. “I’ve been trying to get out of this state for 37 years,” they said. “Like our tourism board says, ‘Honestly, it’s not for everyone.’” 

This piece was written as part of the first annual Satire Swap between Seventh-day Adventist university student newspapers. Union College’s newspaper, The Clocktower, wrote this piece for La Sierra University’s The Criterion. 

To learn more about Nebraska, check out other articles from The Clocktower.

To read other pieces in this series, click below:

• Union College

• Andrews University

• Southern Adventist University

• Walla Walla University

Art + Design Exhibitions: What’s New at the Brandstater Gallery?

By Quinn McFarland

At La Sierra University, the Art + Design department houses the unique Brandstater Gallery. Directed by Tim Musso, this gallery features student, faculty and staff shows, as well as special exhibitions from a wide variety of artists. Oftentimes, after-hours receptions follow these art shows, which gives the campus and the surrounding community an opportunity to view the special show and listen to the artist discuss their work on a panel. This quarter, the Brandstater Gallery hosted graphic artist Nate Reifke’s commercial designs in addition to a group ceramic show featuring works from Jonathan Cross, Brittany Mojo, and Amelia Lockwood.

From Jan. 16 to Feb. 8, Reifke featured his commercial designs in his debut art show titled “Don’t Stop: 25 Years in Illustration and Design.” With a collection of over 300 sketches, t-shirts, posters, skateboards, labels and more, Reifke celebrated his 25th year in the graphic design and illustration industry.

Reifke entered the art and design world while studying for his bachelor’s degree in communication and visual art at the University of California San Diego. In 2010, he created his own company, Salty Timbers, where he has been creating illustrations for various action sports and outdoor markets since. Some of the organizations he has designed for include Patagonia, the San Diego Zoo, and Sector 9 Skateboards. In celebration of a quarter century career in the arts, Reifke showcased past designs, including stickers, which attendees received at the Feb. 4 artist reception.
Reifke tends to work with “good old fashioned pen and paper” when illustrating; his exhibit evidenced this as the majority of his sketches on display were done with ink on paper. As Reifke screen prints a majority of his work, however, he has started working digitally to speed up his process and maintain the cleanliness of the design.

During his artist talk, Reifke noted that he does not exhibit his work often. Due to the nature of creating designs for a larger company, his name is not typically attached to his work. However, many people have seen and interacted with his designs. Some viewers even found out that their first skateboard was designed by Reifke. Additionally, he hoped that having more commercial art on display would encourage viewers to think a little more about the artists behind products.

While Reifke’s exhibit was the first graphic artist show on campus, another installation was one of the first ceramic artist group shows. From Feb. 20 to March 14, the Brandstater Gallery presented three ceramic artists’ sculptures in the show titled “2000° Experiments.” Art curator Timothy LeBlanc gathered pieces from Cross, Mojo, and Lockwood. While the ceramic medium stayed consistent across the pieces, the works showcased many differences in design.

On Feb. 25, LeBlanc hosted an artist reception and panel at the gallery. Cross was the only artist present to discuss his artwork, but LeBlanc provided background information on the other two artists, as well as photos of their studio and works in progress. LeBlanc also commented on Cross’s work, stating that each piece weighed 250 to 300 pounds each. Cross elaborated that his technique is “subtractive,” meaning that he starts with a rather large chunk of clay that he carves his design out of. Some of his favorite tools included a chisel, butcher’s knife and machete.

Additionally, Cross uses a wood fire kiln and the ash from the burned wood to create a glaze on his pieces. Depending on how the ash lands on the clay and where the clay piece is placed inside the kiln, each piece has a different reaction, and thus a different design. Cross fired different pieces of one of his larger works on display separately so that when he eventually combined these pieces, the color of each section differed from the next.

Cross is particularly interested in how his work functions in the way he and other people might use them. As a reference, he lit incense in a small burner that was a part of his show, filling the gallery with an intense aroma. However, he explained that many people who purchase a piece like that from him use it for objects like tea lights or fake candles instead of incense. Additionally, he emphasized that art does have a function; whether it is a ceramic cup or a pillar, it is all equally important. Therefore, Cross creates each piece with the same intent.

From Reifke’s first solo show, presenting a vast collection of commercial art, to Cross, Mojo, and Lockwood’s ceramic sculpture installations, this quarter has been extremely eventful for Brandstater Gallery. These art shows showcase the wide variety of art and art styles, as well as what’s new in the art world. Traditional museum spaces may begin to represent more graphic artists. Furthermore, new waves of innovation may develop as artists are encouraged to try new techniques.

Look out for what art installations the Brandstater Gallery will present spring quarter! 

For more information, see these links below:

Reifke Website: https://www.saltytimbers.com/ 

Reifke Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/saltytimbers/ 

Mojo Website: https://www.brittanymojo.com/

Mojo Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brittanymojo/

Lockwood Instagram: ​​https://www.instagram.com/amelia.loucoco/

Cross Website: https://www.jonathancrossstudio.com/

Cross Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jcrossstudio/

Additional Reading: ​​https://lasierra.edu/article/artist-reifke-presents-300-piece-design-show-at-brandstater-gallery/

Communication Department’s Annual San Diego Safari Park Field Trip

By: Raja Walley

As spring approaches, La Sierra University’s communication department prepares for its annual field trip to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. This field trip has been a communication department tradition for over 10 years, allowing those in attendance to enjoy a day admiring wildlife. Within this trip, individuals can expect to see a variety of unique gardens and animals from all around the world. From exotic Rodrigues flying foxes to quirky platypuses, this wildlife excursion brings excitement and adventure. The trip will take place on April 7. This school outing is open to all, including students, faculty, friends and family.  

The San Diego Zoo Safari Park offers a selection of activities and exploration sites for all ages. In past field trips to this safari park, students were able to watch enchanting bird shows and the infamous cheetah run, which showcases a cheetah racing a dog on a 330-foot track, as stated within the Safari Park Script Guide. Another popular attraction that is included with admission is the Africa Tram Safari, which offers a ride through savanna habitats for an up-close wildlife encounter. For further information on other activities available, visit the activities page on the San Diego Zoo Safari Park Website. 

Tickets to attend this excursion are available until April 3. These tickets are $25 per person, payable in cash only, and can be purchased through the chair of the communication department, Dr. Melissa Tafoya. To access tickets, visit Tafoya’s office in Gladwyn Hall Room 113, her student worker in Gladwyn Room 118 or purchase via email at mtafoya@lasierra.edu. Students and staff can purchase as many tickets as they would like. Finally, while parking is included in the cost of tickets, participants must acquire their own means to the safari park. 

Once tickets are purchased, students can collect them on the day of the trip from Tafoya by the entrance of the Safari Park. Students can find Tafoya on the left side of the Safari Park entrance upon arrival. Since the communication department is purchasing tickets as a group, attendees must be at the Safari Park by 9:00 a.m. to enter together at 9:30 a.m. After entering the park, all attendees can then venture on their own and are not required to stay with the La Sierra group during this trip. 
This annual San Diego Safari Park field trip sponsored by the communication department is an opportunity to get out and enjoy wildlife. For more information or questions regarding this event, please email communication@lasierra.edu.

Unlocking Netflix’s Blue Zone Journey: "Live to 100”

By: Rachel Baez

“Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones” is a Netflix documentary series exploring the longevity of people living in blue zones around the world. Blue zones refer to regions around the world where people tend to live much longer and healthier lives, often exceeding 100 years of age, and are characterized by certain lifestyle and environmental factors conducive to longevity. Each episode delves into the unique lifestyle habits and cultural practices of these regions. Through interviews with various people within the community, the series uncovers key factors contributing to their longevity, such as diet, physical activity, social connections and a sense of purpose. 

The second episode of “Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones,” focuses on two unique locales: Sardinia, Italy and Loma Linda, Calif. Sardinia offers insights into a lifestyle that is deeply rooted in harmony with nature and close-knit community bonds. Here, work and leisure seamlessly intertwine, fostering a sense of purpose and belonging. Social connections run deep, contributing to the longevity of Sardinia’s residents. Similarly, Loma Linda emphasizes the significance of purposeful living, maintaining a peaceful lifestyle and building strong community ties.

In a brief segment of episode two, Loma Linda local, Dr. Loida Medina provided insight into the lifestyles of Loma Linda residents that factor into its blue zone status. Her lifestyle choices mirror the community’s health practices, including a healthy diet that emphasizes plant-based foods, and avoiding processed or chemically enhanced foods. Other practices she incorporates are pure water hydration, regular outdoor exercise and adequate sleep. Finally, she values a sense of purpose, family unity and observation of a restful period, like the Sabbath, for spiritual and physical rejuvenation.

This lifestyle wasn’t always how it was for Medina. Medina also touched on her adjustment to the specific traditions of the community. Upon discovering elevated lipid levels in her own health, she enrolled in a 10-day wellness program and witnessed significant improvements in her well-being. Inspired by this experience, she then made lifestyle adjustments, unknowingly aligning with the local blue zone principles. She developed a love for pickleball and engaged in tournaments, bringing active intentionality to her lifestyle. Her involvement in the blue zone research project underscores her dedication to health and longevity. Medina is grateful for the opportunity to share these health practices. 

The exploration of blue zones uncovers some factors of living a longer and healthier life. From Sardinia's connection to nature to Loma Linda's sense of purpose and community, these regions demonstrate the impact of simple lifestyle choice. Medina's story is a testament to this, showing us the power of healthy habits and gaining a sense of purpose. Awareness of these blue zone health factors can benefit those seeking change in their lifestyles to support their long-term health.

TAKE BACK THE NIGHT: THE MOVEMENT TO END SEXUAL VIOLENCE

By: Julia Savala

Take Back the Night (TBTN) has been an ongoing movement for over 60 years. It is a non-profit organization run by volunteers and supported by sponsors and donors. According to their site, “Take Back The Night’s global mission as a charitable 501(c)(3) Foundation is to end sexual violence in all forms, including sexual assault, sexual abuse, trafficking, stalking, gender harassment and relationship violence, and to support survivors in their healing journeys.” TBTN has organized protests, rallies, speak-outs and initiatives in over 15 countries. Their statement goes on to say, “We foster safe communities through international events and initiatives. Take Back The Night Events unite people from every background, belief, and culture around the world to take a visible and vocal stand.” TBTN is a movement that inspires people to take time out of the year to show support to survivors, resulting in campuses all around the world recognizing Sexual Assault Awareness Month. La Sierra University, with the help of the social work department, is one of the many universities that organize events surrounding this movement.

The TBTN movement began in the ‘70s when media attention pointed toward incidents of sexual violence throughout the United States. In 1972, women at the University of Southern Florida demanded resources and safety for women on campus. In 1976, the movement reached people internationally as women from over 40 countries met in Belgium to advocate for the safety of women on the streets. Today, TBTN continues to organize rallies, both in-person and online due to COVID-19 limitations. TBTN partners with different artists, like graphic designers, musicians and writers, around the world who all support the movement. This collaboration allows awareness to be raised through different mediums of art, which empowers both the artists and the movement.    

In a similar spirit, the La Sierra University social work department recognizes Sexual Assault Awareness Month through events coordinated by Professor Marni Straine, PhD and Professor Daphne Thomas. The events are hosted during Sexual Assault Awareness Week, which is the last week of April. Past events include self-defense classes, Chapel sermons and a Chalk the Walk event to write messages of support and positivity on the campus walkway. 

La Sierra also participates in Denim Day, which will take place on April 24 this year. Denim Day began in response to the overturning of a rape conviction by the Italian Supreme Court. This decision relied on the basis that the victim was wearing tight jeans. From this, they inferred that she must have helped the person who raped her remove her jeans, thereby implying consent. Therefore, students are encouraged to wear, donate and write messages of hope on denim in solidarity with rape survivors and to protest against unfounded rulings like these.    

This year, the social work department is expanding the planning of TBTN events with other departments on campus, such as the chemistry department, the communication department, OSI, Spiritual Life and more. These departments will plan their own events for Sexual Assault Awareness Week. This collaboration will bring the entire campus together to recognize the movement of TBTN. The social work department also has invited a sexual and mental health educator based in a Riverside Planned Parenthood to speak at chapel that week.
To donate or find TBTN events, you can visit their website at TakeBacktheNight.org. TBTN also offers legal assistance to those who are survivors of sexual violence. You can fill out the form on their website, or call their hotline at 567-SHATTER (567-742-8837). Regarding more information about TBTN at La Sierra University, you can email mstraine@lasierra.edu or dthomas@lasierra.edu. We invite all students to attend the Take Back the Night events in April and urge everyone to take a stand against sexual violence.

Wildlife Conservation Efforts at La Sierra University

By: Eddie Nguyen

In the past few decades, public awareness of climate change has increased. Paralleling this has been a growing sense of urgency to mitigate the effects of climate change before they cause further permanent damage to the global ecosystem. One resulting effort has been in the field of wildlife conservation. At La Sierra University, the Grismer and Trueblood research labs lead these conservation efforts. 

The Grismer research lab, under Jesse and Lee Grismer, is at the frontier of amphibian and reptile research. Their lab is responsible for the discovery of hundreds of new Southeast Asian amphibian and reptile species. Undergraduate students in their lab have had the opportunity to travel internationally to take part in the discovery of new species, work alongside renowned international conservation institutions, lead conservation efforts taking place at La Sierra and author their own publications in peer-reviewed journals. Last summer, members of the Grismer Lab took part in an exchange-study program at the Vietnamese National University of Forestry. Undergraduate students taught and trained alongside Vietnamese students at the university and explored remote jungle regions to collect rare species.

Currently, the Grismer research lab is partaking in a modern “ark” project, which includes 50 different specimens of endangered Vietnamese Tiger Geckos from the Cologne Zoo in Germany. These are being cared for at La Sierra until their release back into their natural habitat. Led by Sarah Goymer, a fourth-year student, the “ark” project is the culmination of years of behind-the-scenes work. Although tiny, these geckos play an important role in the proper maintenance of their ecosystem. They regulate the local insect and plant population and are important sources of food for other animals higher up in the food chain. The loss of any one of these crucial species could result in a domino effect that could lead to the collapse of their entire ecosystem, creating serious implications for the human populations that rely on the ecosystem for food, water and shelter. 

The repopulation of these geckos serves to not only preserve an ecosystem but also inspire more undergraduate students to pursue conservation studies. The project has already received recognition from a news outlet and has stirred positive interest among students within the La Sierra Biology department. The professors of the Grismer Lab want to make it clear that all are welcome and that one does not need a doctorate to make meaningful contributions to wildlife conservation. “I don’t care if you’re working in the hottest, most arid place on the planet or you’re stuck in some dank, dreary rainforest on top of some mountain in Malaysia, my message is: go out there, make your tracks … and do not be a bystander in this age of discovery, be a participant!" said Lee Grismer in his 2021 "Geckos, Guns, and Gurus" TEDxLaSierraUniversity speech (link).

Dr. Trueblood’s primary interest is in studying the effects of changing environments on marine animals. The discoveries made through this research will be crucial in contributing to the understanding of climate change. With this knowledge, policymakers and private individuals alike can make better, more environmentally conscious choices that will add up over time. Like the endangered geckos studied in the Grismer lab, Octopuses also play an important role in regulating marine ecosystems. Octopuses control the population size of other marine animals by feeding on them, and also act as sources of food for larger predators. Interestingly, Trueblood’s research has shown that octopuses tend to be resistant to ocean acidification, but for unknown reasons. Trueblood plans to survey more octopuses in the future to better understand this phenomenon.

Trueblood also does important research on oceanic salp populations. This marine species plays an important role in managing oceanic CO2 levels. Recently, Trueblood made a breakthrough when he became the first person to measure the metabolic rate of salps at different temperatures. He plans to take a trip to Bermuda next summer to collect more salps and get a better understanding of how oceanic warming and acidification are affecting their metabolic rate and migration patterns. In turn, these have a direct effect on the level of CO2 that can be absorbed by the ocean. Incorrect salp modeling data has led to gigaton discrepancies in previous oceanic CO2 sequestration estimates, highlighting the need for a clearer picture. The data obtained through Trueblood’s research may be used to better predict the level of carbon that can be sequestered within the ocean, ultimately giving policymakers and the general public a more accurate prediction of the effects of climate change. 

Oftentimes, technological constraints force Trueblood to be resourceful and creative in his methodology, something that is evident as one steps foot in his lab. Homemade appliances and inexpensive consumer electronics are repurposed into cutting-edge technology used to study marine animals. This creates a fun and interesting environment for students, where out-of-the-box thinking is encouraged and science is made accessible for all. As part of this research lab, students gain the unique opportunity to directly care for and study these rare creatures.

Through these research labs, La Sierra contributes to continued public awareness and solution-finding for issues regarding wildlife conservation. Interest in these projects will hopefully get students involved and interested in conservation research, particularly those in the biology field who are inclined toward pre-health professions. 

The impact of conservation work extends further than preserving wildlife and habitats–it also has a direct impact on human populations. Many illnesses can be preemptively treated by improving ambient living conditions, particularly in third-world countries. And medical treatment may only be a band-aid solution because individuals will inevitably have to return to areas under environmental stresses that may have initially contributed to their condition.

While the primary goal of these research labs is to address wildlife conservation issues at hand, the larger goal is to train a new generation of wildlife scientists to carry the mantle of research, which will impact all populations of life on Earth.

Traveling with Sustainability

By: Uloma Nwosu and Kara Roda

In today’s modern world, transportation such as cars, trains and buses are the staple of society. However, these methods of transportation are not going to be reliable forever. As such, it’s time to consider more sustainable options. Investing in more physically active and eco-friendly travel options can improve quality of life. At La Sierra University, several options provide student discounts and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional travel.

While traditional travel facilitates fast-paced and comfortable transit, the environmental and financial consequences are a significant disadvantage. According to the EPA, the ozone layer is decreasing rapidly, with over 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Though cities encourage yearly smog tests to reduce these emissions, many do not comply. A smog test costs around $30-$60, and with most people's demanding schedules, finding time is difficult. Another downside to traditional travel is gas prices, which are currently around $5 per gallon. Gas prices aside, car maintenance is also expensive. Tire changes may cost between $25 and $50, oil changes between $65 and $100, and engine replacements as much as $10,000. Other factors, such as traffic and noise pollution, can also decrease overall life expectancy. While cars, buses and trains have been the standard form of transportation, there are other options.

Alternative options such as carpooling, cycling and walking can positively impact students' health and safety. Students could carpool with friends, reducing traffic and saving on gas. In California alone, around 200,000 car accidents happen each year, and approximately 6 million occur in the U.S. altogether. With carpooling, congestion is reduced by 35%, decreasing traffic and the chance of an accident overall. Financially, students can alleviate rising gas prices by splitting (costs) among passengers. Cycling is another option for students, and while some see it as an inconvenience, it can promote a healthier lifestyle by incorporating exercise. Cycling exercises the muscles in the body, including abdominal muscles, glutes, quads, triceps, the heart and more. Walking to school is both cost-efficient and convenient for those who live near campus. Both activities contribute to better cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular health. For less physically demanding options, the city of Riverside provides options for students on a budget. 

There are a number of organizations that give discounted transportation to students at La Sierra. MetroLink gives free transit passes to those with a student ID. The Adventure Pass allows students to travel throughout Southern California. Additionally, Metrolink trains run on 100% renewable fuel, benefiting the environment by reducing emissions while giving students more travel opportunities. The Riverside Transit also offers affordable prices for general bus fares and long-term fares that can be used for up to 30 days. These options are accessible throughout the year at any hour. For those wanting to explore outside of Riverside or even the country, there are affordable deals available for students. During the holidays, the price of plane tickets can make a flight home financially out of reach. StudentUniverse offers deals on plane tickets to places like San Francisco and London, which can be helpful for students looking to save money; all flights through StudentUniverse are less than $500.

Given these options, sustainable travel is more convenient and available than people might believe. With commuter services such as these, both traffic congestion and carbon emissions are reduced. Whether traveling alone or with a group, sustainability is possible. Moreover, these alternative options can make traveling more accessible and bring health benefits to students and the environment. However, these options are not limited to this with more possibilities not mentioned. Your input is valuable in fostering greener travel at La Sierra University; please share your thoughts or recommendations.

CSU Wage Strike: Calls for Higher Pay and Improved Benefits

Mk Palaris

On Monday, Jan. 22, California Faculty Association (CFA) workers, part of the largest public university systems in America, walked the picket line. Donning ponchos, they echoed chants of “overeducated and under-compensated.” In efforts to address disproportionate salaries and advocate for better working conditions, the strike was planned to last from Jan. 22 to Jan. 26. Had an agreement not been reached within that time frame, there was a possibility of further escalation. However, the whole ordeal took an unexpected turn when CFA and the California State University (CSU) administration came to a tentative agreement (TA) after one day of striking.

Representing nearly 30,000 professors, lecturers, librarians, counselors and coaches, CFA’s strike marked a significant development in picketing in its sheer magnitude. According to a Strike FAQ on Calfac.org, faculty initiated the strike to fight for a 12% raise, manageable workloads, improved parental leave, accessible and inclusive campuses and more student counselors. With the salary of professors ranging between $64,000 to $122,000, members of the lower-receiving end had the most pressing demand for a 12% raise, with the CFA website reading, “If faculty cannot take care of themselves, we cannot take care of our students.” CFA’s proposals have been addressed in the statutory process but were denied by CSU administration, prompting faculty to strike.

Despite reaching a tentative agreement, it did not come without compromise and alterations from CFA’s original demands. According to an Inside Higher Ed article, the union was aiming for a 12% increase in salary, but the final tentative agreement was just a 5% increase. Additionally, 10 weeks of paid parental leave was granted, but not the full semester like originally requested. The tentative agreement didn't promise more student counselors, but a follow-up CFA news post did acknowledge the goal to increase the student-to-counselor ratio to 1,500:1. With some points of the tentative agreement failing to meet CFA’s demands completely, many union members have criticized the ordeal. Associate professor Andrew Bryne of California Polytechnic State University told Inside Higher Ed, “I don’t understand why this ended so abruptly when so many people showed up […] for results that seem to fall really far short of what our opening demands were.” Many CFA workers were unsatisfied with these discrepancies.

With the tentative agreement on the table, members of CFA are left to either cast a “yes” or “no” vote. A “yes” marks an endorsement of every aspect detailed in the tentative agreement, accepting the compromise reached during negotiations. Conversely, a “no” rejects the agreement, bringing faculty to return to the original terms of imposition. These terms, which included a 5% general salary increase, a pay increase to department chairs and the consequence of higher faculty parking lot fees, would have CSU management not obligated to return to negotiations. As professor Jennifer Eagan of CSU East Bay told CFA, “A yes vote on this Tentative Agreement means progressive movement in areas of our contract that haven’t moved in a very long time. A no vote on this TA would give away everything we forced the CSU to put on the table. Once given away, there are no guarantees that we would get them back.” As CFA members consider the implications of their votes, the decision carries consequences for further negotiations.

Amidst these developments, it’s imperative to note the existing wage disparity within the CSU system. Evident in the earnings of different employee categories, higher-level faculty, like Cal State presidents, earn substantially more than educators. At CSU, lecturers and professors typically earn salaries ranging from $64,000 to $122,000. Despite the wages of the lowest-paid faculty having seen approximately a 20% increase since 2007, campus presidents have seen growth of around 40%, elevating their average salaries to more than $400,000. While many of the professors in the system must work multiple jobs alongside teaching to make ends meet, anger erupts over the CSU chancellor’s nearly 1 million dollar yearly salary and $96,000 housing allowance. Lecturer Laura Quinn of Cal State Bernadino told LAist, “I have a master's degree, I’m teaching a full-time load at this place, and it's just not cutting it. And then you see a million-dollar chancellor with a $96,000 housing allowance.”

The anticipated week-long CSU wage strike ended after one day in an abrupt tentative agreement that many faculty believe falls short of the proposed demands. The forthcoming vote presents a dilemma for many faculty members, as the potential consequences of rejecting the agreement elicit reluctant “yes” votes from CFA members. Many faculty perceive the event as not fully addressing original demands, and tensions arise between CFA and CSU management. 

Despite the strike, CSU faculty salaries are more than La Sierra's, underscoring the need for broader dialogue on fair compensation in academia. La Sierra faculty members are also overworked and underpaid, having large disparities as well between administration and faculty. While the average faculty wage for lecturers and professors is around $73,000–with its range as $58,000 to $94,000–a wage disparity exists in comparison to the university president, whose salary is around $250,000. 

As CSU management grapples with their decision, it’s evident that the discussion on fair compensation for college faculty warrants attention by universities nationwide.

Exploring La Sierra University’s Recent Mission Trips

By Yvonne Agriam

La Sierra University, founded on service and compassion, facilitates these values through global mission trips. Recently, La Sierra organized and sent groups of students to Hawaii and Mexico, where they had unforgettable experiences while working hard to leave lasting impacts on the communities visited.

Last summer, twelve students joined La Sierra’s Spiritual Life team for a mission trip to O’ahu. From June 26 to July 3, they helped local farmers maintain their farmland. From replanting taro patches to assisting with the fish pond’s upkeep, students witnessed the impact of their efforts and were able to experience the farmers’ livelihood firsthand. Larissa Suarez, who is a fourth-year student, explained her time in Hawaii and her first mission trip: “This trip impacted me greatly by having the opportunity to work in the nature God created for us.” Suarez described how some farmers did not have the financial resources to hire more workers to help in their farms. Thus, by helping the farmers replant their taro and assist in other farm tasks, Suarez felt that she was contributing to the livelihoods of these farmers. “Knowing how important the taro farms are to the Hawaiian community, I was also given the opportunity to lend a helping hand to those who are not fortunate enough to receive the help they may need,” said Suarez.

La Sierra participated in its second mission trip of the year to Ensenada, Mexico from Jan. 19 to Jan. 22. The trip was organized by Loma Linda University’s Students for International Missions Service (LLU SIMS) and coordinated by by the Pre-Health Adventist Missions program (PHAM), which La Sierra University’s Office of Academic and Career Services (OACS) Pre-Health Office started this year. Ten students from La Sierra and approximately 25 students from Loma Linda handed out food, hygiene products and toy bags to the surrounding towns of Ensenada.

The PHAM student missionaries also volunteered at two shelters in the area. The first shelter was dedicated to housing mothers and children who have experienced domestic abuse. Here, students split into two groups, with one group dedicated to socializing with the mothers while the other group devoted time to playing with the children. The second shelter was a children’s orphanage; in both places, the student missionaries played games, such as musical chairs, tag and card games. Caleb Kim, a third-year student who aided the Mexico PHAM mission trip, was greatly impacted by this experience. "It really showed me that, at my young age, I can literally change someone's life," he said. Kim realized that his presence offered more than mere companionship to the children seeking asylum from their abusive fathers. He was also demonstrating a positive male figure in their lives. “When we went to the first shelter, the host there mentioned that to all the male figures present, we were giving the children another masculine figure to look up to. That meant a lot to me because sometimes I don't think about my actions or what I say, but that can impact someone’s life,” said Kim.

Palau native and third-year student, Nobuyuki Yano, offered his perspective on the receiving end of mission work. Yano worked alongside student missionaries and teachers from the beginning of first grade through high school. Reflecting on his experience, Yano most remembers the educational and moral support he received from these missionaries. “They motivated me to go to school outside of Palau. They helped me with college applications and prepared me for what the United States would be like,” said Yano. Beyond academic assistance, Yano created meaningful connections with the student missionaries, maintaining contact with them to this day. “I still keep in touch with them and even attend church with them sometimes now that I am here at La Sierra University,” he added.

Another student whose life has been influenced by missionary aid is Elva Garcia, a third-year student hailing from Mexico. Garcia recalls Christian missionaries who would consistently visit her church, Bethel Elohim Evangelical Church. Garcia recalls the missionaries’ dedication to serving her community, from coordinating activities with the youth to assisting in construction work for other church members. “The kids loved having activities and snacks while the older women of the church loved cooking for them. Others did construction work and fixed or built houses,” said Garcia. These frequent missionary visits not only provided practical assistance but also fostered deep connections with Garcia’s family. “Some of them are friends with my family. Whenever they come, they stay at our house,” added Garcia.

Mission trips, which some have coined as “volunteerism,” have often been criticized as inefficient resources or as travel experiences that are mainly for the visitors rather than for the communities they aim to assist. While these criticisms may hold validity for some trips and should be considered by mission trip organizers, La Sierra's stories from both student missionaries and locals from mission fields reflect positively on La Sierra's mission work thus far. La Sierra continues to uphold its commitment to service, dedicating efforts to making a positive difference in the world.

Fairs, Festivals and Parades in Riverside County

BY: raja walley

There are many events that Riverside County residents can look forward to during this winter season. These festivities connect the community to various cultures and traditions present in Riverside. Three upcoming Riverside County events are the Black History Expo and Parade, the Eastvale Lantern Festival and the Riverside County Fair. 

On Feb. 11, the 44th annual Black History Parade and Expo will be held in Downtown Riverside, on Main Street from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Because February is nationally recognized as Black History Month, this gathering allows the African American community to recognize and commemorate the lives of those who made a difference for African Americans in the United States of America. The parade includes marching ensembles, dancers and decorated cars from participating members. The expo has live performances, educational teachings on history and literature, artwork and more. People of all ages are encouraged to attend. The City of Riverside’s official website contains more information on this event.

Following the Black History Parade and Expo is the 2nd annual Eastvale Lantern Festival hosted at Roosevelt High School. This weekend event takes place on Saturday, Feb. 17 from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Sunday, Feb. 18 from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. The festival celebrates the Lunar New Year with cultural performances rooted in various Asian traditions. Within the Eastvale Lantern Festival, there will be performances, such as traditional Mongolian folk dances and Japanese Taiko drumming. In addition to these performances, cultural food and activities will be presented to appreciate Asian culture in the Riverside community. This event is also free to attend and encourages all to attend. More information can be found on PananaEvents.com. 

A great way to end February is to attend the Riverside County Fair. Originating as a celebration of Coachella Valley's Date Palm Harvest in 1947, this 10-day event now celebrates its 76th anniversary. The Riverside County Fair is held in Indio, California from Feb. 16 to Feb. 25. It will have monster truck shows, a demo derby, a rodeo organized by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and live concert performances by Smash Mouth and Diamond Rio. Tickets for each event are available for purchase online at DateFest.org.

The Riverside County Fair, Black History Expo and Parade, and Eastvale Lantern Festival allow individuals to engage in different cultural traditions and customs this season. From traditional dances, parade shows and harvest celebrations, individuals can celebrate, embrace and connect as they share their culture with their local communities. 

Caminemos Juntos con Amor, Luz y Esperanza: A Beacon of Hope for Colima, Mexico and the Riverside Community

BY: yvonne agriam

Caminemos Juntos con Amor, Luz y Esperanza (CJAE) is a non-profit civil association in Colima, Mexico. Since its foundation on Jan. 23, 2009, it has served as a beacon of hope for the local community. The organization's name translates to “Let’s Walk Together with Love, Light and Hope,” which illustrates its mission: Improving the quality of life of children, adolescents, and low-income adults with disabilities, cancer, and terminal and chronic diseases in the Colima area. Beyond medical care, the organization supports its patients’ emotional, social, and familial development through counseling and support groups. Through the work of Dr. Rivera and Susana Gutierrez, CJAE is not only able to operate within Colima, but has the ability to extend to other communities.

Led by Dr. Maria Angeles Rivera, M.D., CJAE operates a clinic that provides a comprehensive range of services. Rivera collaborates with other volunteers, nurses, nutritionists, speech therapists, counselors, and fellow orthopedic professionals, all working towards a common goal. The services the team provides include nutrition programs, various rehabilitation therapies, psychology sessions and health education classes. In addition to medical services, CJAE’s pantry campaigns distribute essential items such as non-perishable foods, clothes, diapers, toiletries, and school supplies to their beneficiaries. 

Susana Garcia Gutierrez has been aiding CJAE by advocating for its services and bringing awareness to the clinic. Gutierrez is a La Sierra University master's degree student with a focus on behavioral science. As a social worker, Gutierrez has a drive to serve the Riverside community, with a primary focus on young adults who suffer from neglected behavioral treatment during childhood. She previously worked with children in foster care, specifically in minority communities. She is also the head of “Movimento Influential Women of Work” also known as “Movimento IWOW,” which is a program that empowers immigrant families and women to speak up about their mental health. “I provide training to our members on mental, spiritual, physical health and basic financial information to empower self-determination and education in our community,” said Gutierrez. 

With her occupational experience and involvement with the Riverside community, Gutierrez was drawn to the work of CJAE. Hailing from Colima, Mexico herself, Gutierrez had been aware of Rivera's organization since its creation. Although they had been friends since the start of the organization in 2009, Gutierrez mainly observed Rivera’s work as she kept in contact with her. Inspired by her mission, Gutierrez eventually decided to use her experience and join forces with Rivera in 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

One of Gutierrez’s biggest events in raising funds for CJAE was through her birthday gala. On Dec. 22, 2023, Gutierrez hosted a birthday gala dinner and requested that all of her birthday gifts be made donations to CJAE. Guiterrez continues to support CJAE through out-of-pocket donations, advocacy on social media and community events. 

Gutierrez’s goal is the eventual expansion of CJAE to serve the Inland Empire area by holding a similar comprehensive clinic. She has already begun these efforts by teaming up with the community of Riverside, such as conducting outreach programs in the Latino community in hopes of bringing awareness to mental health, fostering healthy family support systems, and challenging the cultural stigmas of seeking medical and psychological help. “I want to break the stigma of immigrant children being afraid to ask for help. I know that they have to deal with two cultures: where their parents are from and their American identity. With that, it’s hard to navigate through their struggles without help,” she said. Gutierrez has also worked alongside the La Sierra University Church by conducting divorce care programs and support groups to help survivors of divorced families. Her frequent visits to Spanish churches from different denominations have also helped her receive referrals for families in need of emotional guidance, behavioral coaching and mental health assistance. 

Although CJAE has not been fully established in the Riverside area, there are many ways in which the community can support the organization’s efforts. For the CJAE clinic stationed in Colima, donations can be made to the organization through their website at https://caminemosjuntosconamor.org/. Donations can be sent through the mail via their address, with their work hours being provided below:

Reforma # 81, Centro, CP 28000 Colima, Col., Mexico

Hours: Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 3:03 p.m.

More information on how to contact CJAE can also be found below.

Instagram: @fundacion_caminemosjuntos 

Facebook: Caminemos Juntos Con Amor, Luz Y Esperanza A.C. 
Email: contacto@caminemosjuntosconamor.org

Phone Number: +52 312 688-4063

La Sierra University and the Riverside community as a whole can also support CJAE by helping bring the mission of the clinic to the Inland Empire. At this moment, Gutierrez requests access to a physical space so a legal process can be made to expand CJAE to California. For more information, Susana Garcia Gutierrez can be reached via her phone number: (626) 399-1780.

BLACK UNDERGROUND ARTISTS

BY: MK PALARIS

Within the cultural hotspot of Southern California, a myriad of Black artists surface with stories of resilience and innovation through mediums such as visual art, melody and movement. These diverse artists contribute to a mosaic of cultural richness, leaving a profound mark on the community. So in honor of Black History month, this article aims to highlight the achievements of local Black artists.

Among these many artists is La Sierra University senior Sarai Ponkratjeva, a graphic design major, whose projects focus on visual arts, such as photography. She takes great inspiration from her grandmother, who navigated through the challenges of growing up in the Jim Crow era. As a result, her artistic endeavors center on themes of Black beauty, femininity and nature. “My grandma, growing up, her skin tone and her features weren't conventionally attractive and not represented in the media,” Ponkratjeva said. “She has always made sure to really talk about the importance of lifting other Black women up, because of her past experiences.” 

Ponkratjeva’s photography magazine, titled “What is it that you love?,” visually explores individuals’ cherished aspects of life. One of her photoshoots, titled “Strength,” pays homage to the 1960s cultural movement, Black is Beautiful, which aimed to uplift Black features and celebrate the beauty and diversity of the Black community. “My friend Deborah wore her hair out in an afro and I photographed her. Through that, she represented strength and beauty, especially as a Black woman,” Ponkratjeva said. ”I just wanted to emphasize her hair and her features.”

Using various individuals like her siblings and friends as her muse, Ponkratjeva said that her photoshoots aim to highlight the diversity at the La Sierra University campus. She underlines the importance of diversity in artistic media, saying that it can boost confidence in one's ethnic background. “Just like being able to see yourself and see beautiful art, it makes you feel good about yourself honestly,” she said. “At least for me personally, seeing other people that look like me, it doesn't make me want to change. It makes me embrace myself more.”

While passionate about her craft, Ponkratjeva faces hurdles in the art scene, particularly due to the level of vulnerability needed for the creative process. “An insecurity I have is that other people wouldn't be interested in [my art] because of the subject matter; because it's definitely something that's personal, I worry how other people are going to perceive it,” she said. But despite these challenges, she has set goals to put herself out there and has high hopes for the future of Black artists.

“I’m kind of optimistic. I feel like people are being really receptive of Black artists and the art they create, at least in the spaces I’ve been in,” Ponkratjeva said. “I feel like more people are really appreciating it and highlighting Black artists.”

Shifting to the music scene, sophomore Calla Morgan, a music major with an emphasis in studio jazz guitar, adds her own melody to the mix of underground Black artists. Morgan, a singer-songwriter and guitarist, composes and produces her music. She uses Spotify to share her music. Her work hones in on her personal experiences in life, or whatever comes to mind throughout her creative process.

Morgan advocates for encouraging women in the music industry, especially female instrumentalists who are often left out of the limelight. She draws influence from singer-songwriter Tori Kelly and various Black R&B artists. “I feel like sometimes people don't expect me to be able to play guitar and to sing at the same time,” Morgan said. “I take it as a privilege to be able to represent it, to be something new that people don't really see too often.”

To share her music with the community, Morgan has been publishing her songs, promoting her work on social media under @calla_morgan, and performing live gigs. Through networking, Morgan has formed her own community in Los Angeles. “I've definitely been scared out of my mind, nervous to meet people, but in [playing live], I've met some really amazing people who I've been fortunate enough to form my own circle with,” she said.

This year, Morgan aims to release around six singles and start establishing her own shows. To support aspiring Black artists, she hopes that listeners will stream and share songs from local artists, and buy tickets to their shows. She said, “Just show as much support as you can, whether that means reposting or just telling them, ‘Hey, I really love your music.’ Because it's an amazing feeling when your community shows support like that.”

As these students break barriers and celebrate diversity, they pave the way for others, inspiring a new era of creativity and inclusivity in the community.

Quiet Curiosity and Courage: The Story of Three Black Inventors

BY: Eddie nguyen

Driven by the American Industrial Revolution, the United States saw a boom in technological advancements over the past century, which was crucial in shaping the modern American way of life. At the spearhead of these advancements were the monumental, often thankless, efforts of African-American creators.

Mark Dean is an African-American computer engineer who made his mark at the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), leading the design team that made the world’s first one-gigahertz computer processor chip in 1999. This invention was a breakthrough in modern computing as it showed potential for ultrafast computing in micro-chip form. Previously, computer chips had only been capable of running at about half this speed, making them slow and limiting their scope of use. Since then, modern computers have tripled or quadrupled this number, allowing them to be capable of performing complex tasks such as machine learning or playing video games. If not for Dean’s invention, the digital and physical world that now heavily relies on it would be running at half-speed. 

The world would not be quite as safe without Marie Van Brittan Brown and her invention of the modern home security system. Living in an unsafe neighborhood, Brown was no stranger to the threat of home invasions. She, therefore, devised her own solution in 1966: a security system that would allow her to monitor her doorway, speak to visitors at a safe distance, and contact the police with the push of a button. This clever system would eventually develop into modern-day closed-circuit television (CCTV), which has revolutionized public security. Nearly 60 years later, the principle of remote monitoring is still employed in modern home security systems. 

Another African-American inventor who contributed to modern-day safety was Garrett Morgan. After seeing a horrible car crash at an intersection, Morgan created an early version of a traffic light in 1923 that would go on to help save countless lives. Prior to his invention, drivers would yell and use hand signals to communicate with one another. This created an insurmountable number of problems and made driving extremely dangerous. Heralded as “the Black Edison,” Morgan was also responsible for creating an early version of the gas mask, which he began selling nationwide in 1914. As he knew the device would not be received well if its purchasers knew he was Black, he resigned to demonstrating the device using hired white actors. Despite this prejudice, his “safety hood” device was widely popular and went on to save the lives of millions.

The lives of these indispensable inventors have been woven by the cloth of courage and adorned with curiosity. They pushed for progress that supported millions of lives despite the prejudices they faced from society. As the world moves forward into a new era, it can look back to the precedents set by creators like Dean, Brown, and Morgan to inspire creativity and curiosity.

Black Girl Hockey Club: Finding Community Within Sports

BY: Quinn mcfarland

California hosts only three of the 32 National Hockey League (NHL) teams – the Anaheim Ducks, the Los Angeles Kings, and the San Jose Sharks – often leaving hockey enthusiasts in the state struggling to find fellow fans. It can be even harder for marginalized groups to find a sports community. This is the problem that R. Renee Hess set out to remedy when she founded Black Girl Hockey Club, a non-profit organization, in 2018.

R. Renee Hess, the associate director of service learning at La Sierra University, started Black Girl Hockey Club to create a space for Black women to safely engage in hockey and build a community out of it. “I really just wanted to have some Black girls to hang out with and talk hockey with,” stated Hess. “I don’t know a lot of Black girl hockey fans in Southern California, so I wanted to do something about that.” Hess’s journey with Black Girl Hockey Club began when she sent out a message on Twitter, now X, in December 2018. Her tweet asked, “Where are all the Black girl hockey fans?” From there, she flew to Washington, D.C. from California to meet up with those who responded, which totaled forty Black men and women from ages two to 80. They attended a Washington Capitals game, which was special as the team had just won the Stanley Cup. Notably, there were two Black players on the team and two of the Washington Capitals franchise owners are also Black. “I remember kind of sitting there with the families, the hockey moms and their kids, the fans, some younger, some older,” said Hess. “I thought, this is so cool, but we could do something more, something even cooler.” From this point onward, Black Girl Hockey Club would begin to grow in its impact.

What started as small events and get-togethers to watch hockey has since grown to include a scholarship program; this program has surpassed $70,000 worth of scholarships, awarded to 40 girls from ages 9-18. The organization also has a leadership and development program, where it mentors young aspiring professionals who want to be involved with hockey without being on the ice. “We try to connect young Black folks of all genders to professionals who work in the sport to get them a leg up in that space,” commented Hess. The program includes jobs in journalism, coaching, and administration of hockey operations.

The Black Girl Hockey Club strives to create a safe space for young Black girls to feel supported and celebrated in their sport, while also addressing social issues within the sports realm. “Sports is a microcosm of society,” comments Hess. “We see the issues that we have in society, and you’re going to also find them in sports, so combating that is really an uphill battle.” While the NHL has openly celebrated LGBTQ+ pride and other cultures within the last decade, some critics claim it has become too divisive. Regardless, many teams are hiring members of the LGBTQ+ and Black community in various roles within hockey. Although it may not be across the entire national hockey league, there are individuals within clubs, cities, and offices, who continue to disrupt the status quo. “What we do with Black Girl Hockey Club is try to address the issues within the spaces that we occupy,” says Hess.

One way that Hess and the club have targeted issues within hockey is through their “Get Uncomfortable” campaign. This advocacy campaign and pledge encouraged non-Black women allies to think about how to make hockey safer and more inclusive. When it started in 2020, it quickly went viral throughout social media. National hockey league teams and various other levels of hockey leagues signed up with their club to promote the cause. “By signing up, you have to be down with the cause,” stated Hess. “You have to show that you are willing to have conversations about equity in sports, and women in sports, and racism, homophobia, islamophobia in sports, and how that affects you and your club, your constituents, and your audience.” This will be the fourth year since the pledge was created, and Black Girl Hockey Club continues to celebrate the partnership that has been created between the club and teams across the country.

As Black Girl Hockey Club continues to grow, it continues to create spaces for marginalized folks in hockey. It has recently expanded into Toronto, Canada, which has come with the challenge of navigating a different administrative structure while still maintaining the same mission and goals. They continue to give cash scholarships to young Black girls worldwide, and they hope to further provide to all different parts of North America and internationally. “There are Black girl players and fans all around the world. I’m not a unicorn like I thought I was,” commented Hess. “I thought I was the only one for such a long time, but creating a community like this keeps me and everyone connected to one another.” If you would like to learn more about Black Girl Hockey Club and sign the “Get Uncomfortable” pledge for yourself, see these links below:

Website: https://blackgirlhockeyclub.org/

Pledge: https://blackgirlhockeyclub.org/take-the-pledge-get-uncomfortable/

Newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/25f9f20e14ea/bghcnewsletter

Instagram: @blackgirlhockeyclub

X: @BlackGirlHockey

A Deeper Look into La Sierra Univeristy’s Black Student Union (BSU)

BY: rachel baez

La Sierra University provides various cultural clubs where students can connect with their peers. Whether participating in events, fundraisers or casual hangouts, these clubs offer opportunities to engage with others and gain insight into diverse cultures. The Black Student Union (BSU) is dedicated to providing a diverse array of cultural, educational and social events to acknowledge and celebrate Black culture. In a conversation with the current BSU president, Zamani Moyo, he reveals BSU’s aim to establish a network of support for its members that goes beyond events. He hopes to do so by providing a safe space and supportive community to assist both their academic and personal needs. 

BSU has an exciting schedule of events planned for the next few months. On Jan. 18–19, BSU hosted their Black Adventist Student Association (BASA) Leadership Conference. This event aims to empower and equip Black Student Union student leaders across Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) universities, such as La Sierra University, Walla Walla University, Pacific Union College and Loma Linda University. On Jan. 20 at 11:15 a.m., BSU and the Loma Linda University Black Health Professional Student Association (BHPSA) hosted their Collegiate Sabbath service takeover at San Bernardino Community SDA Church. Following Sabbath lunch, students will feed the homeless and provide essentials to the San Bernardino community. 

BSU has many events lined up for Black History Month. The club will be hosting Tuesday chapels for the entire month of February. The speakers include Dr. Charles Eaton, Dr. Timothy Golden, Dr. Dilys Brooks and Dr. Alfonzo Greene. They plan to highlight Black excellence in these chapels. On Feb. 10, BSU will host an album release event, featuring Mekhi Bramucci and friends, to celebrate and appreciate talented artists on the La Sierra campus. This event will be held at 7 p.m. in the Student Center. On Feb. 23, First Service will consist of a joint BSU and Spiritual Life music program. Lastly, throughout the month, BSU will also be collaborating with the Art + Design Department for a student art installation in the student center.

These events showcase BSU's dedication to creating unforgettable moments that embody unity, self-empowerment and the joyous celebration of diverse cultures. Information regarding upcoming BSU events can be found through school email, EagleConnect or BSU’s Instagram @bsu_lasierra.

Beyond the Game: Exploring the History and Cultural Impact of the Super Bowl

BY: nikki nadler

On Feb. 11, Americans will gather with friends and family to watch the 2024 Super Bowl, which will determine this year’s National Football League (NFL) champion. Super Bowl LVIII will take place in Las Vegas at Allegiant Stadium, pitting AFC champions, the Kansas City Chiefs, against NFC winners, the 49ers. The Super Bowl did not always hold its current cultural place in the United States. The first Super Bowl took place over 50 years ago, and since then, Super Bowl Sunday has become one of this nation’s most widespread traditions and popular sporting events.

The NFL was founded in the 1920s, followed by the American Football League (AFL) in the 1960s, quickly becoming their rival. The two leagues merged in 1966 to become the NFL with two internal conferences: the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The first Super Bowl, called the “AFL-NFL World Championship Game,” took place in 1967. In this game, the Kansas City Chiefs and Green Bay Packers represented the former AFL and NFL respectively. The Green Bay Packers beat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10. In 1969, Chief’s owner Lamar Hunt coined the term “Super Bowl.” Since then, winners of the AFC play against the winners of the NFC in the Super Bowl each year. 

The Super Bowl has evolved into more than a football game, with many Americans treating it as an unofficial holiday. It appeals to a wide demographic, including those who don’t follow football closely but wish to join in the festivities. To further promote the game, the host city holds festivities which are covered by the media during the lead-up to the Super Bowl. Some viewers look forward to the Super Bowl commercials as companies take advantage of the wide-streamed event. 

Super Bowl commercials have become iconic in recent years for their whimsical and unique nature, the ads becoming a sort of “cultural experience.” Last year’s Super Bowl featured ads including a musical number starring Melissa McCarthy for Booking.com, a new rendition of “Grease’s” Summer Nights with John Travolta for T-Mobile, and a Google Pixel ad starring Doja Cat, Amy Schumer and Giannis Antetokounmpo. For Super Bowl LVIII, viewers can expect to see many food-related ads from companies like Doritos and Pringles, cosmetic ads from e.l.f. Cosmetics and Old Spice, and other miscellaneous ads from companies such as BMW and Squarespace. 

In addition to ads, film studios release first-look movie trailers during the Super Bowl. Last year’s Super Bowl featured 12 movie trailers and this year is expected to be no different. Trailers for “Deadpool 3,” “Despicable Me 4,” “Joker Folie a Deux,” and “House of the Dragon Season 2” are all speculated to be featured this year. However, one of the largest appeals of the Super Bowl is the Halftime Show.

Rivaling the game in its popularity, the Super Bowl Halftime Show draws in viewers who tune in solely for the Halftime Show experience. Each year, the Halftime Show features a high-profile artist who puts on a musical performance with extensive choreography and impressive stage and set design. Many notable artists have performed for the Halftime Show, including Rihanna who performed last year and set the record for the highest viewership of any halftime show ever. 

The first Halftime Show featured the University of Arizona and Grambling State Marching Bands. The following performances were of similar caliber until 1993 when Michael Jackson headlined. His revolutionary performance changed the style of the Halftime Show. Since then, big-name celebrities such as Prince, Madonna and Beyonce have headlined. This year, Usher will take the stage in the Apple Music Super Bowl LVIII Halftime Show. Apple Music released a trailer in anticipation of the event, with famous faces such as Lakers’ star LeBron James, Latin singer J. Balvin and BTS’ Jung Kook. The celebrity appearances hint toward who may join Usher on stage. Either way, viewers can expect this Halftime Show to be a memorable experience. 

While the rest of the nation gathers in homes, restaurants and other venues to watch the Super Bowl, La Sierra University offers campus spaces for Super Bowl festivities. Students are invited to attend viewing parties where they can get together to watch the game with friends while enjoying free food. This year, Zapara School of Business (ZSB), SALSU and Residential Life are collaborating to host an event where Super Bowl LVIII will be streamed. The event will be in the Troesh Center at the ZSB on Feb. 11 from 3-6 p.m. Another way students can get involved and share the spirit of the Super Bowl on campus is through Flag Football Intramurals. To sign up for intramurals, students should check their student email for more info, or go to imleagues.com. Students are also encouraged to show their support by attending intramural games at the La Sierra University soccer field on Monday and Thursday nights from 6-10 p.m. Consider taking part in campus festivities for the Super Bowl this February.

CURRENT AFFAIRS SPECIAL FEATURES: ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT

BY: DAVID GONZALEZ

There is much ongoing protest throughout the world in response to the events that occurred on Oct. 7 in Israel, where HAMAS militants from the Gaza Strip entered Israeli settlements, killed 1,400 people and took hundreds of hostages. The country of Israel has responded with a military campaign aimed at "destroying HAMAS." In the last month, the number of Palestinians killed in the fighting and drone strikes, including civilians, has risen to 10,000, leaving many in the international community calling on Israel for a ceasefire. In the United States this event has caused division, most notably in universities nationwide. Many student organizations have released statements denouncing the Israeli military campaign in Gaza. In multiple instances, alumni and affiliated firms of prestigious universities have opposed the student organizations, denouncing these accusations as anti-Semitic. On Capitol Hill, protesters repeatedly interrupted a hearing by the House Judiciary Committee on free speech on college campuses. 

President Biden has continued to support the Israeli government and has not called on a ceasefire in Palestine, instead giving his full support for any Israeli action taken in the immediate aftermath of the attacks. Israel has been a long time ally of the United States and historically has always been supported by it militarily; it is just unknown of how much and when. As of this writing, the U.S. legislature has not authorized any emergency aid to Israel due to ongoing and multifaceted division in Congress. Despite this, legislation has been passed by the House and is pending approval by the Senate. Some aid has managed to make its way to Israel using alternative legal measures, but it's only a fraction of what the U.S. usually has been known to give. 

To many, however, the conflict feels distant and confusing. Why is the United States so invested in this event? Why is it becoming one of the most divisive points in current global affairs? For many, the daily preoccupations of life keep staying informed about current affairs low on the list of priorities, understandably so. Nevertheless, for students and the next generation of civic citizens, it remains critical to have the clearest context possible.

Why does Israel have a state within a state? The region that is now recognized as the country of Israel includes the city of Jerusalem, which holds religious significance for many beliefs; this region has been under the rule of various powers throughout history. In more recent centuries, the region was under Ottoman rule until the British Empire took control from them. It remained under British control until the Holocaust occurred in World War II. In 1947, shortly after the war was won, the UN voted to create two states in the region, giving a large section to those of Jewish ancestry who had suffered under Nazi persecution. Regardless of the various nations controlling this region, the same ethnic and religious groups have lived there for centuries as a result of all the activity that has historically taken place in the region. Consequently, relations between groups in the region have been unstable.

Dr. Ken Crane, an associate professor of sociology at La Sierra's HPS department, has conducted research on migrants in the Middle East. His work focused on the aftermath of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq by U.S. coalition forces. Crane provided insights into the current regional context to gain a better understanding of the Middle East and the factors that divide HAMAS and Israel. Since the creation of the Israeli state in 1947, multiple Arab nations have rejected the idea of an Israeli state in what they consider to be Palestinian territory. While other Middle Eastern nations have generally shown solidarity with Palestine, it has “historically not been their top priority” said Crane. Iran, the biggest supporter of HAMAS, supports a network of anti-Israeli militant groups such as Hezbollah in Lebanon. Egypt, which shares a border with Israeli territory, has made substantial diplomatic progress since the Camp David Accords of 1979 in its relations with the state of Israel and has established one of the few border checkpoints with the Gaza Strip, though the Palestinian matter was not addressed. In the present, leading up to the attacks, the Saudi Arabian government was in talks to sign a security agreement with Israel, although it is unclear what the status of Palestine would be in this agreement. Even among the Palestinians and Israelis, there is a great disagreement on the matter, with some believing that the other side should not exist, while others support a fully representative democracy that includes both groups. Despite support for the Palestinian cause among other Arab nations, other conflicting interests have resulted in the repeated neglect of Palestinian questions. The ongoing attacks since October are a firm reminder that the situation will only continue deteriorating if a resolution is not found.

Professor Mary Shin, who teaches the course War Crimes and International Policy, shared some context from an international law perspective in regard to the situation. Shin’s students this quarter have been learning about the laws that exist to regulate warfare and the meticulous legal framework behind complex treaties and codes of conduct. International humanitarian law (IHL) is a set of conventions, treaties and war crimes tribunal rulings that form a body of law. Israel has not signed on to several of the laws by the IHL, specifically the one regarding collective punishment. It is a breach of IHL to inflict punishment on a group for actions done by the individual, which is what Israeli forces have been doing in Palestine in response to the terrorist attacks. Both sides have breached the laws of IHL since the outbreak of conflict, with HAMAS still holding hundreds of hostages taken from the initial attacks, a clearly defined war crime in Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions. After continued global pressure a ceasefire was issued beginning Nov. 24 and lasted a total of four days, however fighting has since continued. Many of the hostages have been released following a temporary ceasefire, but fighting has once more continued. As the death toll in Gaza rises due to Israeli airstrikes it becomes clear that they are in clear breach of Article 33, which specifies that military action on civilians because of terrorism in violation of IHL.

For now, it appears unlikely that the UN or any other international organization will intervene due to the potential for an escalation in conflict that drags in other nations. At this moment, most nations are calling for a complete ceasefire, urging both Palestine and Israel to return to negotiations and for more aid to make its way into Gaza. As students, it is possible to support those in dire need right now by donating to organizations that, despite the blockades, continue to do what they can in the region to help those in need. These include UNICEF, Doctors Without Borders, and the Red Cross. Staying informed on the issue and being aware of the historical context can also cut through the confusion and misinformation and educate others on what's really going on.

THE NEW WAVE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & ENTERTAINMENT

BY: MK PALARIS

Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer confined to dystopian science fiction, rather imprinting itself into day-to-day life. Though rather than enhancing human-made products, AI’s influence extends beyond this range of human augmentation, rather taking on the challenge – and even stealing from – human artistry, leading to various ethical concerns and this overarching question: Will AI replace human artistry?

AI’s first venture into the creative industry can be traced back decades ago to the 70s, when painter and computer scientist Harold Cohen created a system called AARON, effectively a pen-wielding robot, with a goal to create a mosaic of lines resembling abstract art. Its result mimicked contemporary, if not rudimentary, art styles, and had it been a direct human production, it likely would have gone unnoticed in the vast art world. But this was just the humble beginning of AI’s integration and potential substitution for artistic mediums.

In recent years, generative AI has experienced exponential growth within the realm of creativity, driven by technological advancements and internet trends. However, compared to the inconsequential and simple doodles that Cohen’s AARON produced, the capabilities of AI art manufactured on websites like ArtBreeder or OpenArt pose much greater consequences. These sites have the ability to transform text-to-image prompts into highly realistic artworks in less than a minute.

While current AI produces objectively "better" art with its attempt to approach “perfection,” an interesting paradox unfolds from its artificial nature. Comparing Cohen’s AARON pieces and its poly-geometric abstractions to a modern rendered AI art generation, the former works were more charming; for one, there was still a semblance of human input and drive from Cohen, even behind the robotic brushstrokes. This preference stems from AI art’s varnish of uncanniness. Take a closer look at that “perfect” AI-generated image and notice a slew of inconsistencies in linework, or strange, inhuman features. According to an article by Britannica, facets of the human body that are smaller are more likely to be neglected in AI art. In this computerized strive for artistic perfection, the absence of human influence makes the art less relatable. 

AI art has the potential to take over artistic careers and ventures, battling between convenience, efficiency and moral implications. It certainly seems like a possibility, but the complete replacement of human artistry is unlikely; while AI is impressive in its capabilities, it lacks the intrinsic human touch and intricate skill that humans are inherently attracted to. 

But the dilemma isn’t just the intrinsic human value of art, it’s the legalities of it as well. AI-generated images don’t produce art out of nothing. According to an Interesting Engineering article, AI must first use a learning algorithm and be fed copious amounts of existing artwork to find patterns and generate its own set of images. The artists of the artworks used in this practice are oftentimes not compensated or even informed, like in the case of the Nashville-based artist Kelly McKernan, according to an AP News article. This raises concerns about copyright infringement and ethics within the use of AI in creative endeavors, with laws currently under development.

Only time will tell if society will use AI in artistic mediums as a tool, or as a complete substitution. The creative industry currently exists in a state of limbo as AI and human artistry coexist. As of now, it seems unlikely that AI will completely take over the arts, but in that case, maybe in the not-too-distant future, Criterion would have to change its section name of A&E to AI&E.

HOLIDAY ENTERTAINMENT: WHAT TO WATCH DURING WINTER BREAK

BY: EDDIE NGYUEN

With finals passing and Christmas break coming up, students can de-stress by snuggling up and watching great movies. While there is no shortage of old holiday classics to watch, with the holidays come new releases.

What is Christmas really about anyway? Is it just the gifts, just the glamor, the decorations? Charlie Brown explores this with his trope of friends and loyal dog Snoopy in the 1986 animated classic “A Charlie Brown Christmas.” Although the film was released nearly fifty years ago, its popularity persists in the modern holiday season. Based on the original comic series by Charles M. Schulz, the Peanuts series has been a staple of American animation since 1965. It features classics like “It’s the Great Pumpkin,” “Charlie Brown” and “A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving.” No matter what holiday it is, it’s always a good time to watch a Charlie Brown movie. “A Charlie Brown Christmas” is available to watch on Apple TV. 

Another classic Christmas film is “Home Alone.” “Home Alone” is a Christmas comedy classic that follows the chaotic life of Kevin McCallister. Accidentally left home alone by his family during the holidays, he is forced to defend his home against a pair of bumbling crooks. The film is full of slapstick comedy and has a meaningful take-home message. Released in 1990, the film featured the likes of Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, and Daniel Stern. Following the film’s success, “Home Alone 2” and “Home Alone 3” were released and are great picks to watch as well. “Home Alone” is available for streaming on Disney+, Amazon Prime Video, and Hulu.

Those who do not prefer the Christmas theme, but still want to spend their time this winter watching movies can look forward to the new “Wonka” movie. While most know of the whimsical Wonka Factory from the 1971 hit classic “Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory,” most fans don’t know about Willy Wonka himself. “Wonka” focuses on the life of a young Willy Wonka and his journey to becoming a candy icon. The film is set to release on Dec. 15, 2023, and features a star-studded cast including heartthrob Timothée Chalamet and comedic legend Keegan-Michael Kelly. 

Following the theme of reviving old classics: Rick Riordan makes his return with his famous series, now adapted for streaming with “Percy Jackson and the Olympians.” Die-hard Percy Jackson fans might remember the ill-fated 2010 film: “Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief.” The new show is premised around the instant bestselling “Percy Jackson” novels released by Riordan in 2005. The series follows the life of the young demigod Percy as he tries to prevent all-out war among the gods and come to terms with his powers. With more than ten years in between the movie debut and the upcoming series debut, this release is a second chance for the Percy Jackson series. “Percy Jackson” and the Olympians will be released on Disney+ on Dec. 20, 2023.

Finally, students can look forward to Studio Ghibli’s latest creation which has garnered the excitement of many. “The Boy and the Heron” is a highly anticipated animated film based on Genzaburō Yoshino’s 1937 novel and is set to release on Dec. 8 in American theaters. The film follows the life of a teenage boy as he journeys through a fantasy world. “The Boy and the Heron” was released to audiences outside of the U.S. earlier this year and grossed nearly $63 million worldwide without any marketing or trailer release, which might explain its great anticipation by the American audience. Known for acclaimed animated films such as “Ponyo” and “Howl’s Moving Castle,” Studio Ghibli is a powerhouse in the modern animation industry. For almost two decades, the studio has been at the forefront of the exponential rise of anime within the U.S., bringing Japanese art to the eyes of an American audience. 

After a summer filled with Barbenheimer talk, the winter film arc brings a promising host of new arrivals as well as old classics to choose from. The hardest part will be deciding what to watch. With nearly four weeks of Christmas break, students can find time to fit each one into their holiday schedule.

STUDENT WELLNESS CENTER AND WELLNESS EVENTS: A GUIDE TO CAMPUS HEALTH RESOURCES

BY: YVONNE AGRIAM

The Student Wellness Center of La Sierra University is dedicated to aiding the infirmities and illnesses of students on campus. Located near the La Sierra University security office on Pierce Street, the Wellness Center provides a wide range of resources, such as a clinic, counseling, women’s health services and more. Many of these resources, however, are not explicitly made known. Therefore, La Sierra University can better support the health of its students by spreading awareness of what the Student Wellness Center offers.

The Wellness Center welcomes both appointments and walk-in visits. Students who may be suffering from a fever, sore throat, minor scrapes/cuts, joint sprains, minor aches, urinary discomfort and other symptoms of pain/illness are encouraged to visit for treatment. The Wellness Center resident doctors (MD), physician's assistant and office nurse are available to conduct physical examinations. The clinic advises students with health insurance to bring their insurance information; however, the Wellness Center covers all co-payments excluding co-payments for TB skin tests. With their comprehensive healthcare services, students can access  treatment at the Wellness Center without worrying about the cost.

To support student mental health on campus, the Student Wellness Center offers 12 free counseling sessions for registered students per academic year. Students have the option to meet with counselors online or in person. Their team is composed of seven counselors, including one master's level intern, four clinical therapists and two psychiatrists. To schedule an appointment, students are encouraged to contact the office directly by phone: (951) 785-2200. Alternatively, students can also email the Wellness Center via their student emails.

With over half of the student body identifying as female, the provision of women’s health services is a fundamental priority for the Student Wellness Center. The Wellness Center's resident gynecologist can provide birth control counseling, pap smears and prescribed medication. 

For birth control counseling, the gynecologist can help patients assess the most suitable type of birth control and guide them through the various steps one may need to take for family planning. 

Although the Wellness Center’s services are located outside of campus, students can also anticipate wellness events hosted on campus. Adam Tsao, the Wellness Director of the Student Association of La Sierra University (SALSU) is responsible for organizing the SALSU Wellness events hosted on campus. On Oct. 11, SALSU Wellness hosted its quarterly blood drive. In partnership with LifeStream Blood Bank, this event cumulated 24 donors helping support many lives within the Riverside area. Additionally, on Oct. 17, the Wellness Center itself held the annual Wellness Fair, which took place at the Campus Mall. The purpose of this fair was to provide students with the proper knowledge and resources to aid in the campus’ physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental wellbeing. Many local resources, such as Acosta Chiropractic, the Riverside Rape Crisis Center, and the Riverside Police Department, participated in the fair by setting up informational booths. Each booth provided insight for organizations represented with some even providing free material and sample services. Within the following months, SALSU Wellness then hosted two yoga sessions on Nov. 16 and Dec. 7. These sessions help students set time aside to relax and physically destress. Finally, one of the most anticipated events on campus is the stress-relief animal event. This event, usually held during dead week, allows students to take a break from finals preparation and alleviate stress by spending time with the dogs, cats and bunnies brought onto campus.

All of these events and services would not be possible without the staff and faculty of the Student Wellness Center. Therefore, it is a pleasure to welcome Dr. Rowandalla Goudeau as the new interim Student Wellness Director. La Sierra University is looking forward to new leadership as Dr. Goudeau leads the Wellness Center.

The La Sierra University Student Wellness Center, as well as its wellness events, play a crucial role in promoting health and well-being for students on campus. All of these services, including the clinic and counseling services, are confidential. La Sierra University's Wellness Center is located at 11498 Pierce Street, Suites #A & #B, Riverside, CA 92505. Their times and contact information are as follows:

Mondays-Thursdays: 8 a.m.-5 p.m.

Fridays: 11 a.m.-12 p.m.

Closed on Tuesdays and the summer quarter.

For more information on the Wellness Center resources, you can visit: https://lasierra.edu/wellness/. 

Phone Number: (951) 785-2200

Email: wellness@lasierra.edu

SALSU Wellness Instagram account: @lasierrawellness